Melioidosis
What you need to know about melioidosis
Last updated 19 November 2025
What is melioidosis?
Melioidosis is a disease caused by the bacterium, Burkholderia pseudomallei. It is endemic to Southeast Asia and can cause disease in both animals and humans.
Who is at risk of melioidosis?
Melioidosis can cause disease in both animals and humans.
Is melioidosis present in Singapore?
Yes. Melioidosis is endemic to Southeast Asia but infection to pet animals (e.g., dogs, cats) in Singapore is relatively uncommon.
How is melioidosis transmitted?
Infection usually occurs through direct contact with water or soil contaminated with the bacteria. For instance, animals may become infected if they ingest soil contaminated with the bacteria, or if the contaminated soil comes in contact with skin wounds, especially if they are immunocompromised. Periods of heavy rainfall may also pose a higher risk of melioidosis.
Animal to human and/or animal to animal transmission is rare.
Symptoms of melioidosis
Animals
Clinical signs of melioidosis in animals are varied. Some affected animals may demonstrate signs of:
Diarrhoea
Pneumonia
Loss of appetite
Abscesses
Since symptoms may not be easily differentiated from other diseases, laboratory tests are required to confirm the diagnosis.
Humans
The presentation of melioidosis in humans varies and can mimic many other conditions (e.g. tuberculosis). Melioidosis in humans is relatively uncommon, and most human cases arise from suspected exposure to contaminated soil or water, rather than animal (zoonotic) contact.
What should I do if I suspect my pet has melioidosis?
Pet owners are advised to seek veterinary attention promptly if they notice signs of injury, illness or disease in their pets. They should also minimise environmental exposure for their pets, especially those with open wounds or that are unwell. This includes avoiding bringing dogs that are unwell outside as well as avoiding contact with other pets.
Pet owners are also advised to practise responsible care and take the necessary precautions when handling pets that are ill. This includes good hygiene, such as thoroughly washing hands before and after direct contact with pets.